Steel pipes are hollow-sectioned steel products where the length is significantly greater than the diameter or circumference. Depending on their cross-sectional shape, they can be categorized into circular, square, rectangular, and special-shaped steel pipes. Based on material type, they are classified into carbon structural steel pipes, low-alloy structural steel pipes, alloy steel pipes, and composite steel pipes. These pipes are widely used in thermal equipment, petrochemical industries, machinery manufacturing, geological drilling, and high-pressure applications. In terms of production methods, they are divided into seamless and welded steel pipes. Seamless pipes are further divided into hot-rolled and cold-rolled (drawn) types, while welded pipes are categorized as straight-seam or spiral-seam welded pipes.
Steel pipes serve multiple purposes beyond just fluid and powder transport. They are also used for heat exchange, making machine parts and containers, and are considered an economical choice in construction. Using steel pipes in building structures, such as grids, pillars, and supports, can reduce weight and save 20–40% of metal, enabling more efficient and mechanized construction. When used in highway bridges, they not only save steel and simplify installation but also significantly reduce the area requiring protective coatings, leading to cost savings in both investment and maintenance.
By production method, steel pipes are primarily divided into two categories: seamless and welded. Welded pipes are often referred to simply as "welded pipes." Seamless steel pipes include hot-rolled, cold-drawn, precision, hot-expanded, cold-spun, and extruded types. These pipes are made from high-quality carbon or alloy steel and are typically produced through hot-rolling or cold-rolling processes.
Welded steel pipes differ based on their welding process, including furnace-welded, electric resistance welded, and automatic arc welded pipes. They can also be classified by their welding form into straight-seam and spiral-seam welded pipes, as well as round and special-shaped (such as square or flat) welded pipes. These pipes are manufactured from rolled steel plates with either butt or spiral seams. They are further categorized into low-pressure fluid transportation pipes, spiral electric welded pipes, directly coiled welded pipes, and electric welded pipes. Seamless pipes are commonly used in liquid and gas pipelines across various industries, while welded pipes are often used for water, gas, heating, and electrical systems.
In terms of material classification, steel pipes can be divided into carbon steel pipes, alloy steel pipes, and stainless steel pipes. Carbon steel pipes are further divided into ordinary and high-quality carbon structural pipes. Alloy steel pipes include low-alloy, structural alloy, high-alloy, and high-strength tubes, as well as bearing tubes, heat- and acid-resistant stainless tubes, precision alloys like Kovar, and superalloys.
Based on connection methods, steel pipes can be categorized as bare pipes (without threads) or threaded pipes. Threaded pipes can be further divided into standard threaded pipes and thickened-end threaded pipes. Thickened-end pipes may have external, internal, or both internal and external threading. Additionally, threaded pipes can be classified by thread type, such as cylindrical, conical, or special threads. To meet user needs, threaded pipes are often supplied with pipe fittings.
Regarding surface coating, steel pipes can be either black pipes (uncoated) or coated pipes. Coated pipes include galvanized, aluminized, chrome-plated, and other alloy-layered steel pipes. They can also be classified as outer-coated, inner-coated, or both. Common coatings include plastics, epoxy resins, coal tar epoxy resins, and glass-based anti-corrosion coatings. Galvanized pipes are further divided into KBG, JDG, and threaded types.
In terms of application, steel pipes are used in a variety of fields. For example, they are used in water, gas, steam, and oil pipelines, as well as in agricultural irrigation systems. They are also used in thermal equipment, such as boiler pipes, superheated steam pipes, and high-pressure boiler tubes. In the machinery industry, they are used for aircraft structural pipes, automotive components, and agricultural machinery. In the petroleum and geological sectors, they are essential for drilling operations. In chemical industries, they are used for heat exchangers and transporting corrosive media. Additionally, they are used in medical devices, instrumentation, and container manufacturing.
Steel pipes can also be classified based on their cross-sectional shape. They are generally divided into round steel pipes and special-shaped steel pipes. Special-shaped steel pipes refer to those with non-circular cross-sections, such as square, rectangular, or custom shapes. This variety ensures that steel pipes can meet the diverse requirements of different industries and applications.
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