1 Introduction
Baoshan copper mine located in Guiyang County of Chenzhou, Hunan Province, is under the China Nonferrous Metal Industry Corporation of more than one metal molybdenum mine. Baoshan Copper Mine Plant was completed and put into operation in 1974.
2. Deposits, ores and mining
The deposit is controlled by Baoshan reverse anticline, while the ore body is affected by lithology and structure, and is present in skarn and altered shale . The ore body is thick, but the mineralization is uneven. The tungsten, molybdenum and copper composite ore body has a crescent shape in the profile, and is assigned to the anticline head and the upper and lower wings, which are north-western. It is 300m long and has a slope extension of 300m. It is a skarn type polymetallic deposit.
There are 8 main ore bodies in the deposit, which are concentrated in the plane of 500×500m, distributed up and down. From top to bottom: two integrated ore bodies (half of the total reserves), two molybdenum ore bodies, and four copper ore bodies. There is also lead - zinc . There are also lead-zinc ore bodies around, but they contain almost no molybdenum.
Tungsten, molybdenum, niobium and copper composite ore body: lentils are present in the upper wing of the inverted anticline, 50m long, tending to extend 300m, heading northeast, tending to the northwest, dip 30°~40° is the currently mined mine body. Average grade of ore: 0.13% Mo, 0.20% Cu, 0.16% WO 3 , 0.06% Bi, 0.028% Zn, 0.02% Pb, 5.16% S. 86% of the molybdenum minerals in the ore are molybdenite, and 10% is tungsten molybdate [Me(WMo)O 4 ], and the remaining 4% is produced in the state of molybdenum oxide.
Molybdenum ore body: It is a layered, lenticular shape that occurs in the lower wing of the inverted anticline. It is 150~300m long and has a slope length of 150~240m. It goes northeast and tends to the northwest with a dip angle of 50°. The average content of molybdenum is 0.131%~0.151%.
Copper ore body: in the middle of the anticline and the upper and lower wings have output; it is irregular vein shape, length 250~450m, slope extension depth 100~350m, trending to the northeast, tending to the northwest, dip angle 25°~60° molybdenum average content 1.00%~1.52%.
Ore type: skarn type tungsten-molybdenum-copper-bismuth comprehensive ore, altered sand shale type tungsten-molybdenum-copper-bismuth comprehensive ore, skarn type molybdenum ore, skarnized dolomite type molybdenum ore, Skarn-type molybdenum ore, marble -type copper ore and limestone-type lead-zinc ore. Ore block structure, disseminated structure, reticular structure, breccia structure, etc.
There are gold and silver in the copper ore. In addition to gold and silver , the molybdenum ore is accompanied by higher strontium (the ore contains 0.0002%, and the molybdenum concentrate contains bismuth (6~8)×10 -4 ).
The Baoshan copper-molybdenum deposit is a skarn-type copper-molybdenum deposit away from the igneous rock contact zone.
The main metal minerals in the ore are: chalcopyrite, molybdenite, stibnite, scheelite , orthorhombic lead, antimony, galena, sphalerite, natural gold, etc.
The main gangue minerals in the ore are garnet, diopside , Fushan , attapulgite, actinolite , tremolite , stellite, calcite , chlorite, feldspar , quartz , fluorite , dolomite, Mica .
The average grade of ore produced: 0.138% Mo, 0.69% Cu, 0.120% WO 3 , 0.061% Bi. Open pit mining technology for mines. [next]
3. Production process
Baoshan polymetallic ore should produce a variety of sulfide minerals in beneficiation , and even the flotation tailings need to recover tungsten minerals. The process is more complicated and can be simplified as Figure 1.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of Baoshan mineral processing principle
The selection plant is divided into 5 parallel systems, using ¢2.7×2.lm ball mill. Among them, the 1~4 series handles the copper-molybdenum-bismuth comprehensive ore, and the fifth series deals with the acquisition of the mined and partially self-produced lead-zinc rich ore.
The comprehensive ore dressing process is shown in Figure 2. It can be grouped into the following steps: full floating (and suppresses some pyrite), which is selected from sulfur tailings first, then the process can be sent to the recovery of tungsten. The vulcanized admixture first floats molybdenum and inhibits impurities, and can obtain qualified molybdenum concentrate. The molybdenum tailings first inhibited "sulfur" and obtained qualified pyrite. Sulfur-inhibiting foam products are sent to copper flotation operations to obtain qualified copper concentrates (in-tank products). After the copper suppression, the foam floats molybdenum to suppress lead and antimony, and obtains molybdenum concentrate and lead-bismuth mixed concentrate. This mixture often contains other sulfide minerals, such as sphalerite, which must be separated by wet method.
Figure 2 Baoshan Mineral Processing Process
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Baoshan also noticed the recovery of gold and silver in the ore, which accounted for about 1/10 of the total output value of the factory. The enthalpy in the molybdenum concentrate is as high as 600g/t, which is rare at home and abroad. The Baoshan Copper Mine has a water and metallurgical workshop with recycling rafts. The process route is:
The molybdenum concentrate is added with 1.5 equivalents of lime and calcined at 600-700 ° C for 2~3 h, and molybdenum is converted into calcium molybdate. The calcine was leached with sulfuric acid at pH = 4, and calcium molybdate was converted to molybdic acid, which entered the solution due to low acidity. Concentrate and liquid-solid separation. The residual molybdenum is recovered from the sediment by ammonia water. The immersion liquid (concentrated with molybdenum to 180-200 g/L) was used to extract molybdenum and niobium with N235 ion exchange resin. Molybdenum is finally produced in the form of ammonium molybdate, and rhodium is produced in the form of ammonium perrhenate (NH 4 ReO 4 ).
4. Pharmacy system
Pharmacy system in 1983:
species | Dosage (g/t) | Sodium cyanide | 28.9 (molybdenum flotation) |
Xanthate | 59.4 | Coal oil | 143 |
Ding Huang Yao | 53.6 | 2# oil | 114 |
25# sodium black medicine | 3.7 | Activated carbon | 114 (floating molybdenum rough selection) |
Butyl ammonium black medicine | 5.4 | Sulfite | 322 |
Sodium sulfide | 1000~1100 (molybdenum flotation) | Zinc sulfate | 74 |
Water glass | 950~1000 | lime | 1177 |
5, mineral processing indicators
The mineral processing indicators are shown in the table below.
Table Baoshan Copper Mine Production Statistics
project Quantity years | Raw ore grade (%) | Ball mill operating rate (%) | Concentrate grade of the same name (%) | Concentrate recovery rate of the same name (%) | |||
Mo | Cu | Mo | Cu | Mo | Cu | ||
1981 | 0.125 | 0.139 | 35.86 | 46.28 | 11.881 | 75.03 | 36.22 |
1982 | 0.125 | 0.214 | 33.31 | 46.486 | 11.738 | 75.65 | 34.20 |
1983 | 0.119 | 0.232 | 34.24 | 46.981 | 13.282 | 75.03 | 47.66 |
1986 | |||||||
1987 | |||||||
project Quantity years | Concentrate production of the same name (%) | Water consumption (m 3 /t) | Power consumption (kw·h/t) | Processing fee (yuan/t) | |||
Mo | Cu | ||||||
1981 | 674 | 203 | 6.50 | 34.57 | 26.11 | ||
1982 | 641.7 | 273 | 5.73 | 33.12 | 27.63 | ||
1983 | 624 | 414 | 6.72 | 35.10 | 28.43 | ||
1986 | 505 | ||||||
1987 | 675 | ||||||
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