Steel pipes are hollow structural elements where the length is significantly greater than the diameter or circumference. These pipes can be categorized based on their cross-sectional shape, material type, production method, application, and surface coating. In terms of cross-section, they include circular, square, rectangular, and special-shaped pipes. Depending on the material, they can be classified into carbon steel pipes, low-alloy steel pipes, alloy steel pipes, and composite steel pipes. They are widely used in industries such as thermal equipment, petrochemicals, machinery manufacturing, geological drilling, and high-pressure systems.
In terms of production methods, steel pipes are mainly divided into seamless and welded types. Seamless pipes are manufactured without joints and are further classified into hot-rolled, cold-drawn, precision, hot-expanded, cold-spun, and extruded pipes. Welded pipes, also known as welded tubes, are produced using different welding techniques such as furnace welding, electric resistance welding, and automatic arc welding. They can also be categorized by seam type—straight seam or spiral seam—and by shape—round or special (such as square or flat).
Steel pipes are not only used for transporting fluids, powders, and gases, but also for heat exchange, making machine parts, and constructing containers. Their use in building structures, support systems, and bridges helps reduce weight and save 20–40% of metal, promoting efficient and mechanized construction. Additionally, using steel pipes in highway bridges reduces steel usage, simplifies installation, and lowers maintenance costs.
Based on material composition, steel pipes can be divided into carbon steel pipes, alloy steel pipes, stainless steel pipes, and others. Carbon pipes are further classified into ordinary and high-quality carbon steel pipes, while alloy pipes include low-alloy, structural, high-alloy, and high-strength types. Specialized alloys like Kovar and superalloys are also used in specific applications.
In terms of connection methods, steel pipes can be either bare (without threading) or threaded (with threads). Threaded pipes are further divided into standard and thickened types, with thickened pipes available in internal, external, or both. Thread types may vary, including cylindrical, conical, or special threads. Additional fittings are often included to meet user requirements.
Surface coatings classify steel pipes into black (uncoated) and coated types. Coated pipes include galvanized, aluminized, chrome-plated, and other alloy-coated varieties. Coatings can be applied externally, internally, or both, with common materials like plastic, epoxy resin, coal tar epoxy, and glass-based anti-corrosion coatings. Galvanized pipes, for example, come in types such as KBG, JDG, and threaded pipes.
By application, steel pipes serve a wide range of purposes. They are used in fluid transportation, thermal equipment, machinery, oil drilling, chemical industries, and more. Each category has specific pipe types designed for unique working conditions and performance requirements.
Finally, based on cross-sectional shape, steel pipes are divided into round and special-shaped types. Special-shaped pipes refer to those with non-circular cross-sections, such as square, rectangular, or custom shapes, allowing for versatile use in various engineering projects.
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