The National Energy “13th Five-Year Plan†is in the process of preparation and preparation, and institutional reform is one of the key contents. The National Energy Planning Work Conference held recently revealed the direction of energy reform, involving oil and gas mineral rights management mechanisms, energy transmission channel management, natural gas and electricity prices, and will simultaneously promote energy regulation system reform.
The 21st Century Business Herald reporter learned that in terms of oil and gas reform, China will establish a scientific and rational mechanism for access, exit and transfer of oil and gas mining rights, encourage various social capital to enter the field of oil and gas exploration and development; reform of the construction and operation system of power grid and oil and gas pipeline network On the one hand, it will promote direct transactions between the supply and demand sides.
In order to restore the attributes of energy commodities, the marketization reform of energy prices is also advancing. Gradually realize the price of natural gas wellhead and sales price, on-grid electricity price and sales electricity price formed by the market, and the price of transmission and distribution and oil and gas pipeline transportation are priced by the government.
In terms of energy management methods, the plan also puts forward new requirements on the basis of the existing: “further transforming government functions, strengthening the formulation and implementation of strategic planning, policies and regulations, normative standards, and strengthening energy supervision.â€
Experts from the China Energy Research Council Policy Research Center believe that the core idea of ​​this round of reform is to promote energy marketization and break the monopoly in key areas. The purpose of the reform is to improve efficiency and promote industry development. On the one hand, it emphasizes the decisive role of market allocation resources, on the other hand, it emphasizes that the government plays a better role in public services, policy guidance and supervision.
Zhou Dadi, vice chairman of the China Energy Research Association, believes that at present, our system faces many problems and the reform pressure is great. The primary task of institutional reform is to form a mechanism that determines energy prices primarily by the market. At present, China imposes price subsidies on energy products, and high-energy-consuming projects consume a large amount of low-cost energy, which is misleading to consumption. This is the most needed place for institutional reform.
For a long time, domestic oil and gas, electricity and other product prices can not fully reflect the market supply and demand, based on macro-control needs, the government has more price controls. For example, the on-grid price and sales price are priced by the National Development and Reform Commission, and the price management of the natural gas is implemented at the gate station. The price of the gate station and the sales price cannot be linked. The supervision of oil and gas and power pipeline networks needs to be strengthened, and the energy distribution cost accounting is opaque.
A person working on energy policy research believes that the release of information from the Energy Planning Conference shows which areas are the focus of future reforms. The reforms in the above-mentioned areas will be launched during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, but it is not clear how the reform plan is designed, how the reform timetable is determined, and the reform methods. "Overall considerations, the reform is still based on gradual progress. The implementation of the energy market reform program needs to first cultivate mature market players and promote the implementation of mixed ownership in the monopoly."
Judging from the current reform pilots, the scope of power reform represented by direct purchase of electricity by large users is expanding. The so-called large-user direct purchase of electricity is the power plant and users to negotiate the transaction price, changing the traditional way of electricity trading. Since last year, many direct electricity purchase plans have been introduced, and the trading power has been expanding.
In terms of oil and gas reform, “the state pays special attention to oil and gas mining rights and oil and gas exploration and development issues, breaks the monopoly of upstream oil and gas resources, and taps the potential of oil and gas exploration,†said an expert from the China Energy Research Council Policy Research Center.
Strengthening domestic oil and gas supply capacity is an important task during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. China's oil and gas exploration and development is in the middle and early stage, and unconventional oil and gas exploration has just started. At present, most of the domestic oil and gas resources block mineral rights are owned by oil companies. It is imperative to innovate exploration and system mechanisms, promote oil and gas resources investigation and evaluation and exploration and development, and significantly increase oil and gas storage and production ratio.
Automatic Common Mode Inductance Winding Machine
Common mode inductor winding direction difference?
1: Is the winding direction of common mode inductor opposite? This is bullshit. The winding direction of common mode inductors is the same, and the magnetic fluxes of common mode current parameters cancel each other. Therefore, magnetic materials with high permeability can be used to achieve small volume and large inductance without saturation. The interference between the two power lines to the ground is called common mode interference. How does this common mode inductor work when there is no ground wire on my power supply? The so-called common mode current is the current flowing into or out of the LN line at the same time. When testing the conduction, use the artificial LISN network. The relevant knowledge can remind you not to forget the parasitic capacitance of PE.
2: Common mode winding inductance is to wind two windings with the same phase and same number of turns on the same magnetic core. The reverse magnetic field generated by the current will cancel each other, so it will not cause saturation. As for the winding direction you see, I don't know if it is the winding direction. If it is wound on the same side, then the two winding directions are opposite, one clockwise and the other counterclockwise, If it's a different side winding, it's clockwise. So this problem is a little different. It depends on how you define it. No matter how you wind, it's OK to ensure the same phase and number of turns. For the second question, refer to the answer from the upstairs. Generally, the test conduction needs to be connected to the LISN, and output to the load, the load and the product to be tested through the LISN. There is GND access signal on the LISN.
What is the difference between wound inductor and laminated inductor?
Wound inductor is the product of traditional wound inductor miniaturization. Laminated inductor is made by multi-layer printing technology and laminated production process, and its volume is smaller than wound chip inductor.
Winding inductor: it is characterized by a wide range of inductors (MH ~ H), high accuracy of inductor, small loss (i.e. large Q value), large allowable current, strong inheritance, simple manufacturing process and low cost; The disadvantage is that it is limited in further miniaturization. The ceramic core wound chip inductor can maintain a stable inductance and a fairly high Q value at such a high frequency, so it occupies a place in the high frequency circuit.
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